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Space and Reality: Barton Fink (1991)

           The movie  Barton Fink  (1991) is written and directed by Coen Brothers holds many discussions ever since it aired on the white screen. The movie includes varieties of symbolic meanings as well as hidden messages. The movie tells the story of a writer who struggles with writing a script for Holywood. The movie has characteristics of metafiction as it is fiction about the process of creating fiction. Throughout the movie, the audience tries to grasp the idea of reality because it is repeatedly broken by irrational scenes. The spaces of the movie are different and each space contributes to the reality or unreality of the movie.          First of all, the first scene opens up to a backstage of a theatre in which a man is repeating the lines of the scene. The first line of the movie is the first line of the play and it goes as; ‘’Daylight is a dream if you lived with your eyes closed.’’ This line includes much symbolic reading for the movie. The audience could interpret the
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who among you knows the essence of garlic?

When we examine a work of literature, we frequently think about social and political factors that can help us interpret it. It is possible to disregard these concerns when examining a work; however, if we disregard the social and political context of Garrett Hongo's poem "Who Among You Knows the Essence of Garlic?" we may be left with a poem that simply lists food types; however, a closer examination reveals that it is much more.               Hongo’s poem is filled with exotic fruits and vegetables that create a siesta in the minds of the reader. Before learning about the heritage of the poet one could think that the writer has Hispanic heritage but with a little research, one could learn that he has a hyphenated ethnicity. He is a Japanese-American man which is often referred to as Asian-American. Hyphenated cultures often experience racism for not being a native. Although America as a continent has always been a melting pot for cultures, it is ironic that one of its bi
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Africa: ''Heart of Darkness'' or A Place Where ''Things Fall Apart''

         Like a coin, every story includes two sides which could include a different narration from one another. For hundreds of years, the white narration was the sole account for colonization and imperialism and it was high time for the counter-narrative. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness has been one of the colonizer parts of the story while with Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, the history encounters the colonized side for the first time and it allows the readers to compare and contrast between in terms of African representations.               In An African Voice Achebe explains how Europeans used literature to serve their imperialistic needs as they justify their actions in terms of trade and slavery until the 20th century in which Africans raised their voice and re-claimed their history. He explains his novel as a reaction against the bad literature of the past and he thinks that there should be a balance of stories- where every people has the chance to tell their own stories and contri
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Concept of Evil in the Victorian Novels

                One of the social studies that deals with the topic of evil are literature. The debate usually centers on whether the characters are good or evil, or whether society as a whole has good or evil aspects. Even the impact of literature on being good or evil has been explored, but there are three books that might be used to discuss the concept of evil and its three stages: birth, repentance, and guilty pleasure.                                    French philosopher and writer Georges Bataille issue a theory in his book titled  Literature and Evil  (1957 )  which parallels evil with its relation to childhood with an essay that describes the theory via Emily Bronte's  Wuthering Heights  and its young protagonists. He explains how the child protagonists failed to cope up with the adult world because they grow together with a ‘’infantile freedom’’ that included their wild and passionate life and as they grow day by day the realities and the norms of the adult world sepa
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A Review on Murat Gülsoy's Novel in the Context of Translation

  The pseudotranslation is a technique that many authors employ to break the chains from the restrictions of cultural or political censorship. When established norms and marginalization are rooted in a single culture or country, this technique is applied. When addressing issues such as racism or antisemitism, Shakespeare, for example, preferred to stage his plays in other nations so that he would not be accused of being a traitor, as anyone could have been with a little misfortune. Even when he writes about the history of his country, he constantly blames supernatural creatures.            The topic, as in our fiction, is about the country's long-awaited emancipation from bossism, which occurred nearly a century ago but has the potential to generate political debate. As a result, the author constructs a novel utilizing pseudotranslation as a frame plot, a technique known as transmesis. A translator writes a letter claiming to have discovered an ancient diary belonging to a report
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Adaptation of The Little Prince (2015)

       Adaptation studies as an understudy of translation have been debated over the years by multiple critics for their purpose and their variety. In some cases, it is not possible to differentiate adaptation from translation for it does not have clear distinctions. Adaptations of books to films create different discussions like films bringing down the value of books, however, it can be argued that the books and films have many common features and with good adaptations either could be preserved in the collective culture in a way that could enrich both. This paper will argue why the movie The Little Prince by Mark Osborne (2015) is a good adaptation for fulfilling the intended outcome.      Mikhail Bakhtin’s suggestion about novels that they ‘’combine ‘epic’ literature with modern cultural references and language – thus creating something effectively ‘new’ and appealing to a ‘modern’ audience’’ (Bakhtin,361) could be applied to movies because in a different way they combine literary
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Evaristo's Upside World

     In Bernardine Evaristo’s novel Blonde Roots the audience read about a parallel universe where The Africans are the colonizer and The Europeans are the colonized. Evaristo knows that reality is relative, and it can change. People can only create reality through their knowledge, thus Evaristo uses History to create her mirrored reality. She explores the notion of what people consider truth depends on how they look at it. This paper will argue how she created this version of reality and how she constructs a social criticism through the protagonist’s psychology.      Evaristo creates a universe where she implies the importance of naming. The ones who have the power to name will be the determiner of the rest of the history for creating the archetype. For example, Christopher Colombus named the new continent because he was the first one to ‘discover’. Although that continent existed for millions of years, the old world had the power to name the ‘New’ world. Evaristo names the island wh
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