Notes from a Lıterature Student

  The pseudotranslation is a technique that many authors employ to break the chains from the restrictions of cultural or political censorship. When established norms and marginalization are rooted in a single culture or country, this technique is applied. When addressing issues such as racism or antisemitism, Shakespeare, for example, preferred to stage his plays in other nations so that he would not be accused of being a traitor, as anyone could have been with a little misfortune. Even when he writes about the history of his country, he constantly blames supernatural creatures.            The topic, as in our fiction, is about the country's long-awaited emancipation from bossism, which occurred nearly a century ago but has the potential to generate political debate. As a result, the author constructs a novel utilizing pseudotranslation as a frame plot, a technique known as transmesis. A translator writes a letter claiming to have discovered an ancient diary belonging to a report

       Adaptation studies as an understudy of translation have been debated over the years by multiple critics for their purpose and their variety. In some cases, it is not possible to differentiate adaptation from translation for it does not have clear distinctions. Adaptations of books to films create different discussions like films bringing down the value of books, however, it can be argued that the books and films have many common features and with good adaptations either could be preserved in the collective culture in a way that could enrich both. This paper will argue why the movie The Little Prince by Mark Osborne (2015) is a good adaptation for fulfilling the intended outcome.      Mikhail Bakhtin’s suggestion about novels that they ‘’combine ‘epic’ literature with modern cultural references and language – thus creating something effectively ‘new’ and appealing to a ‘modern’ audience’’ (Bakhtin,361) could be applied to movies because in a different way they combine literary

     In Bernardine Evaristo’s novel Blonde Roots the audience read about a parallel universe where The Africans are the colonizer and The Europeans are the colonized. Evaristo knows that reality is relative, and it can change. People can only create reality through their knowledge, thus Evaristo uses History to create her mirrored reality. She explores the notion of what people consider truth depends on how they look at it. This paper will argue how she created this version of reality and how she constructs a social criticism through the protagonist’s psychology.      Evaristo creates a universe where she implies the importance of naming. The ones who have the power to name will be the determiner of the rest of the history for creating the archetype. For example, Christopher Colombus named the new continent because he was the first one to ‘discover’. Although that continent existed for millions of years, the old world had the power to name the ‘New’ world. Evaristo names the island wh

       Modernist poets generally dealt with the Modern Anguish of the modern man; searching for meaning, and alienation from life and work. The poems of T. S. Eliot puzzle every reader of poetry and every critic. His poems get re-created by every reader that assigns new meanings and by every critic who decides to read his poems with a different approach. However, with a technic called close reading, the audience could read details in his poetry that makes him a well-known modernist poet.      Modernist poets like Ezra Pound and W.B. Yeats tried to use the metaphor of science for poetry thus making it an academic discipline. Eliot was one of the poets who produced new theories about poetry that helped to make poetry a disciplinary study. He argued that while innovating ‘New’ ways of poetry, contemporary poets should relate to the poetic tradition. He tried to advance poetry in the light of the past, thus New Criticism evolved. It argued that the structure and meaning of the text were

       There are two concepts that can be confused with each other which are modernity and modernism. The first one is a historical process that starts with the Renaissance but the second is a movement that is a criticism of the first one. Modernism is a re-examination of every aspect of modernity. Modernism creates a dialogue with tradition through recapitulation.     In Baudelaire’s Paris Spleen , we read a prose poem titled Loss of a Halo . This poem tells the story of a poet who has a halo on his head and walks towards a brothel and when he drops his halo, he does not even turn his head to look at it. This poem clearly shows how poets lose their angelic qualities in the modern world. This particular change in the role of the artist is handled in the poems of one of the most distinct modernist poets, who is William Butler Yeats. We see modernist elements in most of his poetry.            Yeats believed that human history moved like gyres (cycles). When an era is ruled by Primary

         The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985) is a movie written and directed by Woody Allen and it's about a woman in the Great Depression in New Jersey who lives a pretty poor and difficult life. The movie is a bittersweet comedy that reflects on issues like life in the Great Depression and metafiction. The movie’s magical realism makes the viewer question the understanding of reality and fantasy. The plot and the scenes in the movie make the viewer question why we watch films and read books and study them. The movie is great in terms of allowing us to analyze the time of the Great Depression and understand the American Dream a little better. The witty dialogues of the movie ease the problems of the harsh reality.      Woody Allen uses technic called mis en abyme, thus the viewer watches a movie within a movie and it is important in terms of layering because the viewer has one layer of reality in the movie-within-movie, the reality of illusions and shadows where Tom lives and life is

       The study of multiculturalism helps to create awareness without using demagogy or hate speech. A verse-novel Lara by Bernardine Evaristo and prose-novel Fruit of the Lemon by Andrea Levy have many common points that could be paralleled in terms of creating an understanding of sympathy through humor satire. These two novels have subtle comedy hiding important problems like racism and prejudice. These two authors follow the footsteps of the founding fathers of English literature like William Shakespeare and Johathan Swift who used irony and comedy to convey their messages.      After World War Second, psychologists accepted that even societies could get sick. The whole world killed each other because of national and racial labels, and England was not the exception. England was the most powerful empire before the war and even after she lost her colonized lands she continued to rule them through imperialism and associations like Commonwealth. Englishness was seen as a one-dimensio